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TKHEALTHCARE MANNICKAPOOPATHI- Stool pH and Reducing Substances in Laboratory Investigations

🧪 Stool pH and Reducing Substances in Laboratory Investigations4📌 IntroductionStool examination is an essential part of clinical laboratory diagnostics, especially in evaluating gastrointestinal disorders, malabsorption syndromes, and pediatric diarrhea. Among the important biochemical tests performed on stool are:Stool pH testStool reducing substances testThese tests are particularly useful in infants and young children with chronic diarrhea.🧪 1️⃣ Stool pH Test🔬 PrincipleThe stool pH test measures the acidity or alkalinity of feces. It helps detect carbohydrate malabsorption and certain infections.Carbohydrate malabsorption → fermentation by bacteria → production of lactic acid → ↓ stool pH (acidic stool)🧾 Specimen RequirementsFresh stool sampleCollected in a

TK HEALTHCARE MANICKAPOOPATHI- Albumin Serum for Laboratory Investigations

🧪 Albumin Serum for Laboratory Investigations4📌 IntroductionSerum albumin is one of the most important proteins measured in clinical laboratory investigations. It plays a crucial role in maintaining oncotic pressure and transporting various substances in the blood. Measurement of serum albumin is a routine part of liver function tests (LFTs), renal panels, and general health assessments.🧬 What is Albumin?Albumin is a protein synthesized in the liver and released into the bloodstream. It constitutes about 55–60% of total plasma protein.🔹 Main Functions:Maintains colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressureTransports hormones, fatty acids, bilirubin, calcium, and drugsActs as a buffer in acid-base balanceServes as a nutritional

TK HEALTHCARE MANICKAPOOPATHI-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

🩸 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)A Key Blood Test in Laboratory Investigations4IntroductionThe Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a common and simple blood test used in laboratory investigations to detect inflammation in the body. Although it is a non-specific test, ESR provides valuable information that helps clinicians diagnose, monitor, and manage various medical conditions.What is ESR?ESR measures the rate at which red blood cells (erythrocytes) settle at the bottom of a vertical test tube over one hour.The result is expressed in millimeters per hour (mm/hr).Faster sedimentation indicates the presence of inflammation or abnormal proteins in the blood.When inflammation occurs, certain proteins (like

TK HEALTHCARE MANICKAPOOPATHI-Urine Examination for Bile Pigments and Bile Salts in Laboratory Investigations

Urine Examination for Bile Pigments and Bile Salts in Laboratory InvestigationsUrine analysis for bile pigments and bile salts is an important diagnostic tool in evaluating liver function, biliary obstruction, and hemolytic disorders. The presence of these substances in urine provides valuable clinical information about hepatobiliary health.1. IntroductionBile is produced by the liver and contains bile pigments (mainly bilirubin) and bile salts. Under normal conditions: Bile pigments are metabolized in the liver and excreted into the intestine. Bile salts aid in fat digestion and are reabsorbed via enterohepatic circulation. Neither bile pigments nor bile salts are

TK HEALTHCARE MANICKAPOOPATHI-Detection of Bile Pigments in Urine for Laboratory Investigation

Detection of Bile Pigments in Urine for Laboratory InvestigationIntroductionBile pigments are breakdown products of hemoglobin metabolism, primarily bilirubin and biliverdin. Under normal conditions, bile pigments are not present in urine. Their presence indicates hepatic or post-hepatic disorders, especially conditions associated with obstructive jaundice. Detection of bile pigments in urine is an important qualitative test in routine clinical laboratory diagnosis.PrincipleBile pigments in urine are detected by their ability to undergo oxidation in the presence of strong acids and oxidizing agents. When urine containing bilirubin is treated with concentrated nitric acid, it gets oxidized to biliverdin and other intermediate pigments, producing a

TK HEALTHCARE-Estimation of Hemoglobin by the Cyanmethemoglobin Method

Estimation of Hemoglobin by the Cyanmethemoglobin MethodIntroductionHemoglobin (Hb) is an iron-containing protein present in red blood cells and is responsible for the transport of oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs. Estimation of hemoglobin concentration is one of the most important routine investigations in hematology, as it aids in the diagnosis of anemia, polycythemia, and other hematological disorders. Among the various methods available, the cyanmethemoglobin method (also known as the Drabkin’s method) is considered the reference method for hemoglobin estimation due to its accuracy, reliability, and international standardization.PrincipleThe cyanmethemoglobin method is based on

TK HEALTHCARE MANICKAPOOPATHI -WEANING CRITERIA AND DOCUMENTATION OF PEDIATRIC ECMO

WEANING CRITERIA AND DOCUMENTATION OF PEDIATRIC ECMO

TK HEALTHCARE MANICKAPOOPATHI-CIRCUIT MANAGEMENT,ANTICOAGULATION AND MONITORING OF PEDIATRIC ECMO

CIRCUIT MANAGEMENT,ANTICOAGULATION AND MONITORING OF PEDIATRIC ECMO 

TK HEALTHCARE MANICKAPOOPATHI- INTRODUCTION OF PEDIATRIC ECMO