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TK HEALTHCARE MANICKAPOOPATHI-Detection of Bile Pigments in Urine for Laboratory Investigation

Detection of Bile Pigments in Urine for Laboratory InvestigationIntroductionBile pigments are breakdown products of hemoglobin metabolism, primarily bilirubin and biliverdin. Under normal conditions, bile pigments are not present in urine. Their presence indicates hepatic or post-hepatic disorders, especially conditions associated with obstructive jaundice. Detection of bile pigments in urine is an important qualitative test in routine clinical laboratory diagnosis.PrincipleBile pigments in urine are detected by their ability to undergo oxidation in the presence of strong acids and oxidizing agents. When urine containing bilirubin is treated with concentrated nitric acid, it gets oxidized to biliverdin and other intermediate pigments, producing a

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TK HEALTHCARE-Estimation of Hemoglobin by the Cyanmethemoglobin Method

Estimation of Hemoglobin by the Cyanmethemoglobin MethodIntroductionHemoglobin (Hb) is an iron-containing protein present in red blood cells and is responsible for the transport of oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs. Estimation of hemoglobin concentration is one of the most important routine investigations in hematology, as it aids in the diagnosis of anemia, polycythemia, and other hematological disorders. Among the various methods available, the cyanmethemoglobin method (also known as the Drabkin’s method) is considered the reference method for hemoglobin estimation due to its accuracy, reliability, and international standardization.PrincipleThe cyanmethemoglobin method is based on

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TK HEALTHCARE-Stool for Occult Blood (FOB) Test in Laboratory Investigations

Stool for Occult Blood (FOB) Test in Laboratory InvestigationsIntroductionThe stool for occult blood (FOB) test is a commonly used laboratory investigation designed to detect hidden (occult) blood in feces that is not visible to the naked eye. The presence of occult blood may indicate gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and is an important screening and diagnostic tool in clinical practice.Purpose of the TestThe FOB test is primarily used to: Screen for colorectal cancer Detect gastrointestinal bleeding Investigate causes of iron-deficiency anemia Aid in the diagnosis of peptic ulcers, polyps, hemorrhoids, inflammatory bowel disease, and other

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